An easy version of John Stuart Mill's English on Utilitarianism / ミルの文章を簡単にしてみました
Feb 20th 2011 02:10
On the previous entry, I introduced the writing of John Stuart Mill who is famous as the founder of Utilitarianism. It was hard for me to understand it, so I called for help on the entry. Then FreeCat(http://lang-8.com/113097) and furrykef(http://lang-8.com/6000) gave me some help to get it. Now I think I understand what Mill means in it.
I changed the writing into more easy one with referring to the commentaries of FeeCat and furrykef.
Here is the original writing of Mill.
"The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest-Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure."
I change it into below.
"The creed accepts Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle as the foundation of morals. This creed holds that the rightness of an action is proportional to its tendency to produce happiness. Also, the creed holds that actions are wrong if they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. What is happiness? I define that it is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain. What is unhappiness? I define it is pain, and the privation of pleasure.”
The most important matter on this changing is that I changed "(the creed) holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness" into "This creed holds that the rightness of an action is proportional to its tendency to produce happiness." since I thought they were same each other as furrykef told me.
Below is my translation for the easy writing.
その綱領は有益性（功利性）という概念を受けいれる。あるいは最大幸福の原理を受けいれる。この二つの概念が道徳を生み出す基盤となるのである。
この綱領は行為というものを、どう捉えるのか。まず、ある行為が幸福をもたらすことが多いのであれば、そのの分だけ、その行為は正しいのだとする。そして、ある行為が幸福とは逆のものを生み出すことが多いのであれば、その行為は正しくないとするのだ。
幸福とは何か？それは、心の中で求めている快楽のことである。そして、苦痛が存在しない状態のことである。では、不幸とは何か？それは苦痛であり、求めている快楽が得られないことである。
I changed the writing into more easy one with referring to the commentaries of FeeCat and furrykef.
Here is the original writing of Mill.
"The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest-Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure."
I change it into below.
"The creed accepts Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle as the foundation of morals. This creed holds that the rightness of an action is proportional to its tendency to produce happiness. Also, the creed holds that actions are wrong if they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. What is happiness? I define that it is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain. What is unhappiness? I define it is pain, and the privation of pleasure.”
The most important matter on this changing is that I changed "(the creed) holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness" into "This creed holds that the rightness of an action is proportional to its tendency to produce happiness." since I thought they were same each other as furrykef told me.
Below is my translation for the easy writing.
その綱領は有益性（功利性）という概念を受けいれる。あるいは最大幸福の原理を受けいれる。この二つの概念が道徳を生み出す基盤となるのである。
この綱領は行為というものを、どう捉えるのか。まず、ある行為が幸福をもたらすことが多いのであれば、そのの分だけ、その行為は正しいのだとする。そして、ある行為が幸福とは逆のものを生み出すことが多いのであれば、その行為は正しくないとするのだ。
幸福とは何か？それは、心の中で求めている快楽のことである。そして、苦痛が存在しない状態のことである。では、不幸とは何か？それは苦痛であり、求めている快楽が得られないことである。
- 12
- 4
- 1
Journals Statistics
| Total | 100 entries |
|---|---|
| This Month | 0 entries |
| This week | 0 enrties |
Latest entry
Latest comments
| Mar 26th Lynkusu |
| Feb 02nd |
| Jan 24th ying |
| Jan 19th Lennar |
| Sep 05th Fenfer |
Entries by Month
| 2012 |
|---|
| - April (1) |
| - March (1) |
| - February (1) |
| - January (1) |
| 2011 |
| - September (3) |
| - August (1) |
| - July (6) |
| - June (23) |
| - May (15) |
| - April (4) |
| - March (6) |
| - February (19) |
| 2010 |
| - August (1) |
| - July (4) |
| - June (1) |
| - April (1) |
| - January (1) |
| 2009 |
| - December (2) |
| - November (4) |
| - September (5) |
I've changed it into the text below:
I define it to be pleasure, and the absence of pain.
I define it to be pain, and the privation of pleasure.”
I thought that "intended pleasure" meant like "pleasure which is intended by someone". So it's unexpected that your telling me that "intended" isn't needed anymore.
According to you, "intended" is connected to the meaning of "to define", but I don't know why.
Would you teach me more why you took away "intended"?
Mill's English is really hard haha.
"The creed accepts Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle as the foundation of morals. This creed holds that the rightness of an action is proportional to its tendency to produce happiness. Also, the creed holds that actions are wrong if they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. What is happiness? I intend to mean it is pleasure, and the absence of pain. What is unhappiness? I intend to mean it is pain, and the privation of pleasure."
その綱領は有益性（功利性）という概念を受けいれる。あるいは最大幸福の原理を受けいれる。この二つの概念が道徳を生み出す基盤となるのである。
この綱領は行為というものを、どう捉えるのか。まず、ある行為が幸福をもたらすことが多いのであれば、そのの分だけ、その行為は正しいのだとする。そして、ある行為が幸福とは逆のものを生み出すことが多いのであれば、その行為は正しくないとするのだ。
幸福とは何か？それは、快楽であり、苦痛が存在しない状態のことであると私は考える。では、不幸とは何か？それは苦痛であり、求めている快楽が得られないことであると考える。